CORNS & Callus

What are they?

Corns and callosities are areas of hardened skin that develop when the skin is subject to excessive pressure and/or friction. They occur when the skin is trying to protect an underlying area from pressure or injury. They aren't usually dangerous but can cause discomfort, pain and irritation to the skin. In extreme circumstances, excessive callus and deep corns can result in underlying breakdown of the skin and ulcerations. They commonly occur over bony prominences, tips of toes and areas of increased pressure on the sole of the foot.

What is the difference between a corn and a callus?

A callus is an area of the skin which has become thickened due to pressure or friction. They usually are yellow or white in colour. On touch, they feel lumpy but as the skin is thick, may be less sensitive compared with the skin around it. They are usually much bigger and wider than corns and may cover an entire area of the foot e.g. the heels.

A corn is in essence a callus, but densely compacted into a very small area in the skin. They are usually small and circular with a clearly defined circular center. Hard corns tend to be painful when pressed and painless when pinched. Soft corns tend to be whitish in colour and rubbery in texture. They usually form in between toes where the skin is both moist and sweaty.

Causes:

• Structural abnormalities of the foot e.g. flat feet, lesser-toe deformities and bunions
• Areas of high pressure over bony prominences
• Areas of high pressure from unsuitable footwear
• Areas of high pressure as a result of abnormal gait

Signs and symptoms:

• A raised, hardened mass of hard skin
• Dry, waxy or flaky skin 
• Painful, discomfort or irritation when walking

When to see a FHP:

• If the corn or callus becomes painful
• If walking becomes difficult as a result of the corn or callus
• If corn or callus is irritating the skin around it causing the area to become inflamed 
• Patients with poor circulation, nerve problems (sensory neuropathy), on immunosuppressive medication and/or have diabetes, should take extra precautionary measures

What can I do for you?

• Debride callus and enucleate corns
• Protect and offload the areas with padding and cushioning
• Foot care and footwear advice